|
Extension |
Increases joint up to 180 degrees |
Straightening arm out during a curl. |
|
Hyperextension |
Increases joint past 180 degrees |
When the posterior inferior portion of your head is touching your back. |
|
Flexion |
Decreases a joint angle |
When elbow is bent during a curl. |
|
Abduction |
Take away from laterally |
When you make a "t" with your torso/arms. |
|
Adduction |
Move toward laterally |
When you bring your arms back toward your body from the "t" position. |
|
Rotation |
Bone spins on own axis |
Neck |
|
Circumduction |
Cone shaped; Distal appendage moves around a proximal appendage |
Only in appendages |
|
Opposition |
Thumb and carpals (saddle joint) |
Thumb only; only in primates |
|
Supination |
Turn palm superiorly or anteriorly |
Hands |
|
Pronation |
Turn palm posteriorly or inferiorly |
Hands |
|
Inversion |
Sole of foot inward toward other leg |
Feet |
|
Eversion |
Sole of foot outward away from other leg |
Feet |
|
Plantar Flexion |
Curling toes under |
Feet |
|
Dorsiflexion |
Toes toward shin |
Feet |
|
Protraction |
Push forward |
Pushing mandible outward |
|
Retraction |
Pull backward |
Pulling mandible back in |
|
Elevation |
Raising |
Ex. Closing mouth elevates mandible |
|
Depressing |
Pushing down |
Ex. Opening mouth depresses mandible |
